The controllable factory production environment can better ensure that the quality of precast components and parts meets the standard requirements.

According to statistics, the fully assembled project saves 3 / 4 of the construction period compared with the traditional construction method, and the assembled construction can save at least half of the manpower compared with the traditional method.

Because the precast components of the precast building are completed in the factory, the installation can be completed quickly on the construction site, which shortens the construction cycle and saves on-site manpower.

According to statistics, the degree of standardization, serialization, specialization, commercialization and socialization of residential components and parts in the United States is very high, almost 100%.

▌2.

It is not only reflected in the generalization of main structural components, but also reflected in the socialized production and commercialized supply of various products and equipment.

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Users can freely buy the required products from the market through the product catalogue.

It has the characteristics of coordinated development of various industries, high labor productivity, industrial agglomeration, developed factor market and large domestic market.

Figure 1: three types of precast buildings – 2 – development of overseas precast buildings ▌ 1 Housing construction in the United States is based on the extremely developed level of industrialization.

From the experience of overseas industrial development, its popularity is very high, and there is rich experience to learn from, which determines that precast buildings will become the only way for the transformation and upgrading of China’s construction industry 1 – precast buildings – the industrial revolution in the construction industry.

Housing industrialization decomposes the house into different parts, and the parts are processed and manufactured in the factory.

On the surface, the development pace of Japan’s construction industry has basically stagnated..

According to statistics, since 2015, about 4 / 5 of the cast parts and components have been sold to traditional builders, and a large number of ordinary large builders have acquired the industrialized manufacturers of cast parts and components or established partnerships to purchase cast parts and components; In fact, looking at the development of precast buildings in the United States from another perspective of industrialization, we will find that the proportion is very high.

These components are characterized by good structural performance, many uses, great universality and easy mechanized production.

Its main features are as follows: the mode of production and management has changed.

Through the systematic and comprehensive environmental impact assessment of the construction process of representative industrialized houses and traditional houses, relevant researchers calculated that the construction of industrialized houses per square meter reduced the resource consumption by 23%, ecological damage by 3% and health damage by 7% compared with the construction of traditional cast-in-situ houses.

The three types of buildings have their own characteristics.

The fundamental transformation of the management mode of the construction industry lies in the ability to introduce industrialized production management mode through the industrialization platform, change the management mode from extensive management to intensive management, and improve the flexibility and efficiency of management.

At the same time, housing industrialization can not only effectively ensure the quality of houses, but also improve the performance of houses and make up for the performance defects of traditional houses.

According to the statistics of the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, due to the characteristics of low cost and wide application range, precast concrete buildings are the main precast buildings in China at present, accounting for about 65% of the total assembled building area in 2019, while precast steel structure accounts for about 30% and precast wood structure accounts for about 5%.

Then the precast components and parts are assembled into building entities through on-site assembly, which reduces a large number of on-site wet operations in traditional construction, and can effectively reduce and avoid cracking, leakage, hollowing, component and room size deviation Common quality problems such as pipeline quality problems and fire safety hazards, so as to improve the quality of houses.

According to the main structural components of buildings, precast buildings can be divided into three categories: precast concrete buildings, precast steel structure buildings and precast wood structure buildings.

The transformation of industrial production mode is mainly reflected in the transformation from on-site manual operation to factory mechanized and automatic production, from labor-intensive to science and technology intensive, from single piece customization to mass customization, and from extensive production to intensive production.

According to the statistics of new residential buildings issued by the Ministry of land, resources and transportation of Japan, by 2015, the penetration rate of precast buildings in Japan was only 15%, and since 1986, the proportion of newly-built precast households in Japan has basically fluctuated from 15% to 20%.

Improve operation efficiency.

In terms of specific application, the precast construction method refers to the production of key building components and parts in the factory through standardized methods, and the synchronization of installation and construction, main construction and decoration on the site through the assembly method, so as to connect the whole process of building production into a complete industrial system, so as to realize the integrated process of building production, supply, sales and service.

The key is to industrialize construction workers and greatly broaden the source of industrial labor force.

In addition to the movable houses produced by the factory and the precast components and accessories of wood frame structure supplied in complete sets, other concrete components and products, light plates, indoor and outdoor decoration and equipment are also very rich, with tens of thousands of varieties.

Energy conservation and environmental protection.

Precast buildings are buildings assembled on the construction site with precast parts.

Compared with traditional construction methods, precast buildings have obvious advantages in environmental protection, energy conservation and efficiency.

Dry construction is adopted in the process of precast decoration, and the construction site is free of fire, water, dust and smell, without welding and cutting, cement and gauze, which can effectively reduce noise pollution, dust pollution and water pollution, and the construction waste is significantly less than the traditional on-site pouring method.

Building quality and performance improvement.

Based on the reduction ratio of construction period and on-site labor saving ratio, China’s current housing industrialization mode can improve the comprehensive efficiency by about 150%.

At this stage, the biggest problem faced by China’s construction industry is the shortage of labor force.