The basic structural composition diagram of precast buildings is divided according to the materials used in the main structure.

Edited by Ding Tao, proofread by Zhang Jian, supervised by Han Fengfeng..

(Hou Hetao, Gao Mengqi, Xiong Fangming) Hou Hetao, doctoral advisor and Professor, School of civil engineering and water conservancy, Shandong University, director of Shandong green building intelligent construction engineering technology research center; Gao Mengqi, senior engineer and director of R & D center of Zhengzhou Urban Construction Group Investment Co., Ltd; Xiong Fangming, senior engineer and chief engineer of Qingdao xinguangzheng Steel Structure Co., Ltd.

Interdisciplinary is the basis and collaborative development is the goal.

However, one thing is certain that the real integration of industry and education is the core of the professional education and talent training of intelligent construction (precast building).

There is a huge gap in precast construction talents, and relevant departments have actively issued corresponding policy documents to encourage the cultivation of high-level talents and industrial workers in precast construction.

Many scholars and business circles at home and abroad have been committed to the improvement and improvement of traditional building materials, and have developed high strength and high ductility concrete, foam concrete, weathering steel, reconstituted wood, Reconstituted Bamboo and fiber composite FRP (such as glass fiber GFRP, carbon fiber CFRP, etc.) and have received a lot of engineering applications.

For example, glass fiber GFRP is used as the thermal insulation connector of outer wall panel, and recombinant bamboo is used to replace the reinforcement or thermal insulation connector in concrete.

As it is a new thing, the training objectives, training programs, curriculum, relevant teaching materials, practical teaching and skill assessment of intelligent construction specialty are in the exploratory stage, which needs to be continuously studied and improved in the later stage.

With the urgent transformation of the traditional construction industry with high energy consumption, heavy pollution and large resource consumption, precast buildings characterized by standardized design, industrialized production, assembled construction, integrated decoration, information management and intelligent application came into being.

can be integrated with the wall panels to ensure safety and durability; After the straw is passed through high pressure and sterilized, it can form straw board and straw brick, which can be applied to the internal and external wall panels of buildings; The reuse of building and industrial solid wastes can be used as grouting plugging materials, or made into non load-bearing inner and outer wall panels for the enclosure system of precast buildings; Adding fibers into lightweight, early strength and fast hardening concrete to form buildings through 3D printing represents the future development of buildings.

Vocational colleges are moving very fast, taking the lead in setting the professional direction of precast architecture and cooperating with enterprises.

What is a precast building? Precast building is a building that transfers a large number of on-site operations in the traditional construction method to the factory, processes and makes building components and accessories in the factory, then transports them to the construction site and assembles them through reliable connection.

In order to solve the problems of poor anti-corrosion and fire resistance of steel structure and easy instability and failure, concrete can be coated on steel members to become a steel composite structure (PEC structure) partially coated with concrete; In order to realize the integration of exterior wall panel structure, thermal insulation and decoration, sandwich concrete composite wall panels can be anti beaten in the factory, and decorative stones, face tiles, etc.

How to carry forward traditional building materials and organically combine new building materials in precast buildings is worthy of in-depth discussion.

In order to promote precast buildings, the state, provinces and cities have issued incentive policies to promote the all-round development of new construction methods.

Inflatable membrane structure, aluminum alloy structure, composite structure, 3D printing structure and high-rise wood structure are developing rapidly, and the corresponding material properties are also continuously improving.

Ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities are a little slower.

Flat Steel Anchor

From the above, it can be seen that building materials are the basis of precast buildings, and precast buildings are the carrier and display platform of building materials, which complement each other.

At present, the teaching of building materials for civil engineering majors in Colleges and universities mainly focuses on civil engineering materials, and rarely involves precast buildings.

It can also be understood that the main parts of the structural system, peripheral protection system, equipment and pipeline system and interior system are buildings integrated with precast parts, as shown in the figure.

Enrollment began in 2018, and 23 other undergraduate colleges and universities have also opened intelligent construction specialty one after another.

The change and renewal of materials have brought about the revolution of architecture.

Precast buildings mainly include precast concrete, steel structure, wood structure and composite structure.

Challenges also mean opportunities.

Now graduates have gone to work and made gratifying achievements.

Tongji University took the lead in applying for the addition of intelligent construction specialty.

With the continuous progress of rammed earth, Adobe and sintered brick, architecture has also developed from raw soil to brick concrete architecture, and Qin brick and Han tile has become the symbol of traditional architecture; The appearance of concrete in the 1860s has fully affirmed and developed concrete buildings all over the world; The appearance and performance of steel have been continuously improved, which makes steel structures widely used in long-span and large space exhibition halls, gymnasiums, industrial plants, schools, hospitals and residential buildings.